Born in Mount Albert, Auckland, Lucy Lawless performed in her first musical at age ten, studied languages and opera in college before dropping out to travel throughout Europe and Australia, eventually returning to New Zealand. Her television debut was in the New Zealand sketch-comedy series Funny Business, with her breakthrough in a 1994 guest appearance on Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, which inspired the 1995 spinoff program Xena: Warrior Princess
Known For
Credits
Cast Credits
Drag Race Down Under (2021)
Guest starring as Lucy Lawless
- Episode 2x02: Cagey Queens (Aug 6, 2022) [Special Guest Star]
My Life Is Murder (2019)
Starring as Alexa Crowe
(31 episodes)
- Episode 4x01: To Dye For (Apr 21, 2024)
- Episode 3x10: Rising Angel (Nov 1, 2022)
- Episode 3x09: Staying Mum (Oct 31, 2022)
- Episode 3x08: Gaslight Sonata (Oct 24, 2022)
- Episode 3x07: Breaking Bread (Oct 17, 2022)
- Episode 3x06: Bride to Bee (Oct 10, 2022)
- Episode 3x05: Silent Lights (Oct 3, 2022)
- Episode 3x04: The Village (Sep 26, 2022)
- Episode 3x03: Bloodlines (Sep 12, 2022)
- Episode 3x02: Nothing Concrete (Sep 5, 2022)
- Episode 3x01: It Takes Two (Aug 29, 2022)
- Episode 2x10: Pleasure and Pain (Oct 18, 2021)
- Episode 2x09: Wild Life (Oct 11, 2021)
- Episode 2x08: Hidden Gems (Oct 4, 2021)
- Episode 2x07: All the Better to See You (Sep 27, 2021)
- Episode 2x06: Sleep No More (Sep 20, 2021)
- Episode 2x05: Crushed Dreams (Sep 6, 2021)
- Episode 2x04: Look Don't Touch (Aug 30, 2021)
- Episode 2x03: All That Glitters (Aug 23, 2021)
- Episode 2x02: Oceans Apart (Aug 16, 2021)
- Episode 2x01: Call of the Wild (Aug 9, 2021)
- Episode 1x10: Mirror Mirror (Sep 18, 2019)
- Episode 1x09: Fake Empire (Sep 11, 2019)
- Episode 1x08: Remains to Be Seen (Sep 4, 2019)
- Episode 1x07: Old School (Aug 28, 2019)
- Episode 1x06: Another Bloody Podcast (Aug 21, 2019)
- Episode 1x05: Feet of Clay (Aug 14, 2019)
- Episode 1x04: Can't Stand the Heat (Aug 7, 2019)
- Episode 1x03: Lividity in Lycra (Jul 31, 2019)
- Episode 1x02: The Locked Room (Jul 24, 2019)
- Episode 1x01: The Boyfriend Experience (Jul 17, 2019)
Star Wars: Resistance (2018)
Guest starring as Aeosian Queen
- Episode 2x15: The New World (Jan 12, 2020)
Big City Greens (2018)
Guest starring as Mimi O'Malley
- Episode 2x33: Cricket's Tickets (Aug 22, 2020)
Live with Kelly and Ryan (2017)
Guest starring as Lucy Lawless
- Episode 3x247: LUCY LAWLESS and JAMES PICKENS JR. (Aug 26, 2019)
Ash vs Evil Dead (2015)
Starring as Ruby Knowby
(27 episodes)
- Episode 3x09: Judgement Day (Apr 22, 2018)
- Episode 3x08: Rifting Apart (Apr 15, 2018)
- Episode 3x07: Twist and Shout (Apr 8, 2018)
- Episode 3x06: Tales from the Rift (Apr 1, 2018)
- Episode 3x05: Baby Proof (Mar 25, 2018)
- Episode 3x04: Unfinished Business (Mar 18, 2018)
- Episode 3x03: Apparently Dead (Mar 11, 2018)
- Episode 3x02: Booth Three (Mar 4, 2018)
- Episode 3x01: Family (Feb 25, 2018)
- Episode 2x10: Second Coming (Dec 11, 2016)
- Episode 2x09: Home Again (Dec 4, 2016)
- Episode 2x08: Ashy Slashy (Nov 20, 2016)
- Episode 2x07: Delusion (Nov 13, 2016)
- Episode 2x06: Trapped Inside (Nov 6, 2016)
- Episode 2x05: Confinement (Oct 30, 2016)
- Episode 2x04: DUI (Oct 23, 2016)
- Episode 2x03: Last Call (Oct 16, 2016)
- Episode 2x02: The Morgue (Oct 9, 2016)
- Episode 2x01: Home (Oct 2, 2016)
- Episode 1x10: The Dark One (Jan 2, 2016)
- Episode 1x09: Bound in Flesh (Dec 26, 2015)
- Episode 1x07: Fire in the Hole (Dec 12, 2015)
- Episode 1x06: The Killer of Killers (Dec 5, 2015)
- Episode 1x05: The Host (Nov 28, 2015)
- Episode 1x04: Brujo (Nov 21, 2015)
- Episode 1x03: Books from Beyond (Nov 14, 2015)
- Episode 1x01: El Jefe (Oct 31, 2015)
The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (2015)
Guest starring as Lucy Lawless
(2 episodes)
- Episode 2019-11-19: Helena Bonham Carter, Lucy Lawless, Bret McKenzie (Nov 19, 2019)
- Episode 2015-11-10: Aziz Ansari; Shonda Rhimes; Bruce Campbell; Lucy Lawless (Nov 10, 2015)
Salem (2014)
Guest starring as Countess Marburg
(15 episodes)
- Episode 3x09: Saturday Mourning (Jan 18, 2017) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x08: Friday's Knights (Jan 11, 2017) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x06: Wednesday's Child (Dec 14, 2016)
- Episode 3x05: The Witch is Back (Dec 7, 2016) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 2x13: The Witching Hour (Jun 28, 2015)
- Episode 2x12: Midnight Never Come (Jun 21, 2015)
- Episode 2x11: On Earth as in Hell (Jun 14, 2015)
- Episode 2x10: Til Death Do Us Part (Jun 7, 2015)
- Episode 2x09: Wages of Sin (May 31, 2015)
- Episode 2x07: The Beckoning Fair One (May 17, 2015)
- Episode 2x06: Ill Met by Moonlight (May 10, 2015)
- Episode 2x05: The Wine Dark Sea (May 3, 2015)
- Episode 2x03: From Within (Apr 19, 2015)
- Episode 2x02: Blood Kiss (Apr 12, 2015)
- Episode 2x01: Cry Havoc (Apr 5, 2015) [Special Guest Star]
Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013)
Guest starring as Isabelle "Izzy" Hartley
(2 episodes)
- Episode 2x15: One Door Closes (Mar 31, 2015)
- Episode 2x01: Shadows (Sep 23, 2014)
Top of the Lake (2013)
Guest starring as Caroline Platt
- Episode 1x05: The Dark Creator (Apr 8, 2013)
Spartacus: Gods of the Arena (2011)
Starring as Lucretia
(6 episodes)
- Episode 1x06: The Bitter End (Feb 25, 2011)
- Episode 1x05: Reckoning (Feb 18, 2011)
- Episode 1x04: Beneath the Mask (Feb 11, 2011)
- Episode 1x03: Paterfamilias (Feb 4, 2011)
- Episode 1x02: Missio (Jan 28, 2011)
- Episode 1x01: Past Transgressions (Jan 21, 2011)
No Ordinary Family (2010)
Guest starring as Helen Burton
(4 episodes)
- Episode 1x20: No Ordinary Beginning (Apr 5, 2011) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 1x19: No Ordinary Future (Mar 26, 2011) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 1x18: No Ordinary Animal (Mar 22, 2011) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 1x17: No Ordinary Love (Mar 1, 2011) [Special Guest Star]
Spartacus (2010)
Starring as Lucretia
(23 episodes)
- Episode 2x10: Wrath of the Gods (Mar 30, 2012)
- Episode 2x09: Monsters (Mar 23, 2012)
- Episode 2x08: Balance (Mar 16, 2012)
- Episode 2x07: Sacramentum (Mar 9, 2012)
- Episode 2x06: Chosen Path (Mar 2, 2012)
- Episode 2x05: Libertus (Feb 24, 2012)
- Episode 2x04: Empty Hands (Feb 17, 2012)
- Episode 2x03: The Greater Good (Feb 10, 2012)
- Episode 2x02: A Place in This World (Feb 3, 2012)
- Episode 2x01: Fugitivus (Jan 27, 2012)
- Episode 1x13: Kill Them All (Apr 16, 2010)
- Episode 1x12: Revelations (Apr 9, 2010)
- Episode 1x11: Old Wounds (Apr 2, 2010)
- Episode 1x10: Party Favors (Mar 26, 2010)
- Episode 1x09: Whore (Mar 19, 2010)
- Episode 1x08: Mark of the Brotherhood (Mar 12, 2010)
- Episode 1x07: Great and Unfortunate Things (Mar 5, 2010)
- Episode 1x06: Delicate Things (Feb 26, 2010)
- Episode 1x05: Shadow Games (Feb 19, 2010)
- Episode 1x04: The Thing In the Pit (Feb 12, 2010)
- Episode 1x03: Legends (Feb 5, 2010)
- Episode 1x02: Sacramentum Gladiatorum (Jan 29, 2010)
- Episode 1x01: The Red Serpent (Jan 22, 2010)
Parks and Recreation (2009)
Guest starring as Diane Lewis
(9 episodes)
- Episode 6x22: Moving Up (2) (Apr 24, 2014)
- Episode 6x21: Moving Up (1) (Apr 24, 2014)
- Episode 6x03: The Pawnee-Eagleton Tip Off Classic (Oct 3, 2013)
- Episode 6x01: London (1) (Sep 26, 2013)
- Episode 5x22: Are You Better Off? (May 2, 2013)
- Episode 5x11: Women in Garbage (Jan 24, 2013)
- Episode 5x09: Ron and Diane (Dec 6, 2012)
- Episode 5x05: Halloween Surprise (Oct 25, 2012)
- Episode 5x03: How a Bill Becomes a Law (Oct 4, 2012)
Veronica Mars (2004)
Guest starring as Agent Morris
- Episode 2x11: Donut Run (Jan 25, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
Battlestar Galactica (2003)
Guest starring as D'Anna Biers
- Episode 2x08: Final Cut (Sep 9, 2005) [Special Guest Star]
Guest starring as Number Three
(15 episodes)
- Episode 4x11: Sometimes a Great Notion (Jan 16, 2009)
- Episode 4x10: Revelations (Jun 13, 2008)
- Episode 4x09: The Hub (Jun 6, 2008)
- Episode 3x12: Rapture (Jan 21, 2007) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x11: The Eye of Jupiter (Dec 15, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x10: The Passage (Dec 8, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x08: Hero (Nov 17, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x07: A Measure of Salvation (Nov 10, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x06: Torn (Nov 3, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x05: Collaborators (Oct 27, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x04: Exodus, Part 2 (Oct 20, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x03: Exodus, Part 1 (Oct 13, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x02: Precipice (Oct 6, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 3x01: Occupation (Oct 6, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
- Episode 2x18: Downloaded (Feb 24, 2006) [Special Guest Star]
Tarzan (2003)
Starring as Kathleen Clayton
(7 episodes)
- Episode 1x08: The End of the Beginning (Nov 23, 2003)
- Episode 1x07: For Love of Country (Nov 16, 2003)
- Episode 1x06: Surrender (Nov 9, 2003)
- Episode 1x05: Emotional Rescue (Nov 2, 2003)
- Episode 1x04: Rules of Engagement (Oct 26, 2003)
- Episode 1x03: Wages of Sin (Oct 19, 2003)
- Episode 1x02: Secrets and Lies (Oct 12, 2003)
Two and a Half Men (2003)
Guest starring as Pamela
- Episode 2x18: It was 'Mame,' Mom (Mar 7, 2005) [Special Guest Star]
Jimmy Kimmel Live (2003)
Guest starring as Lucy Lawless
- Episode 2003-02-11: Hugh Hefner, Lucy Lawless, & The D-4 (Feb 11, 2003)
The Daily Show with Craig Kilborn (1996)
Guest starring as Lucy Lawless
- Episode 1997-10-22: Lucy Lawless (Oct 22, 1997)
Xena: Warrior Princess (1995)
Starring as Xena
(133 episodes)
- Episode 6x22: A Friend in Need (2) (Jun 25, 2001)
- Episode 6x21: A Friend in Need (1) (Jun 16, 2001)
- Episode 6x20: Soul Possession (Jun 9, 2001)
- Episode 6x19: Many Happy Returns (May 20, 2001)
- Episode 6x18: When Fates Collide (May 12, 2001)
- Episode 6x17: The Last of the Centaurs (May 5, 2001)
- Episode 6x16: Send in the Clones (Apr 28, 2001)
- Episode 6x15: To Helicon and Back (Feb 24, 2001)
- Episode 6x14: Path of Vengeance (Feb 17, 2001)
- Episode 6x13: You Are There (Feb 10, 2001)
- Episode 6x12: The God You Know (Feb 3, 2001)
- Episode 6x11: Dangerous Prey (Jan 27, 2001)
- Episode 6x10: Old Ares Had a Farm (Jan 20, 2001)
- Episode 6x09: Return of the Valkyrie (Dec 2, 2000)
- Episode 6x08: The Ring (Nov 25, 2000)
- Episode 6x07: The Rheingold (Nov 18, 2000)
- Episode 6x06: The Abyss (Nov 11, 2000)
- Episode 6x05: Legacy (Nov 4, 2000)
- Episode 6x04: Who's Gurkhan? (Oct 28, 2000)
- Episode 6x03: Heart of Darkness (Oct 21, 2000)
- Episode 6x02: The Haunting of Amphipolis (Oct 14, 2000)
- Episode 6x01: Coming Home (Oct 2, 2000)
- Episode 5x22: Motherhood (May 22, 2000)
- Episode 5x21: Eve (May 15, 2000)
- Episode 5x20: Livia (May 8, 2000)
- Episode 5x19: Looking Death in the Eye (May 1, 2000)
- Episode 5x18: Antony & Cleopatra (Apr 24, 2000)
- Episode 5x17: Kindred Spirits (Apr 17, 2000)
- Episode 5x16: Lifeblood (Mar 13, 2000)
- Episode 5x15: Married with Fishsticks (Feb 28, 2000)
- Episode 5x14: Amphipolis Under Siege (Feb 21, 2000)
- Episode 5x13: Eternal Bonds (Feb 14, 2000)
- Episode 5x12: God Fearing Child (Feb 7, 2000)
- Episode 5x11: Punch Lines (Jan 24, 2000)
- Episode 5x10: Lyre, Lyre, Hearts on Fire (Jan 17, 2000)
- Episode 5x09: Seeds of Faith (Jan 10, 2000)
- Episode 5x08: Little Problems (Nov 22, 1999)
- Episode 5x07: Back in the Bottle (Nov 15, 1999)
- Episode 5x06: Purity (Nov 8, 1999)
- Episode 5x05: Them Bones, Them Bones (Nov 1, 1999)
- Episode 5x04: Animal Attraction (Oct 18, 1999)
- Episode 5x03: Succession (Oct 11, 1999)
- Episode 5x02: Chakram (Oct 4, 1999)
- Episode 5x01: Fallen Angel (Sep 27, 1999)
- Episode 4x22: Deja Vu All Over Again (May 22, 1999)
- Episode 4x21: The Ides of March (May 15, 1999)
- Episode 4x20: Endgame (May 8, 1999)
- Episode 4x19: Takes One to Know One (May 1, 1999)
- Episode 4x18: The Convert (Apr 24, 1999)
- Episode 4x17: The Play's the Thing (Mar 20, 1999)
- Episode 4x16: The Way (Feb 27, 1999)
- Episode 4x15: Between the Lines (Feb 20, 1999)
- Episode 4x14: Devi (Feb 13, 1999)
- Episode 4x13: Paradise Found (Feb 6, 1999)
- Episode 4x12: If the Shoe Fits... (Jan 30, 1999)
- Episode 4x11: Daughter of Pomira (Jan 23, 1999)
- Episode 4x10: The Key to the Kingdom (Jan 16, 1999)
- Episode 4x09: Past Imperfect (Jan 6, 1999)
- Episode 4x08: Crusader (Nov 21, 1998)
- Episode 4x07: Locked Up and Tied Down (Nov 14, 1998)
- Episode 4x06: A Tale of Two Muses (Nov 7, 1998)
- Episode 4x05: A Good Day (Oct 31, 1998)
- Episode 4x04: In Sickness and in Hell (Oct 24, 1998)
- Episode 4x03: A Family Affair (Oct 17, 1998)
- Episode 4x02: Adventures in the Sin Trade II (Oct 10, 1998)
- Episode 3x22: Sacrifice (2) (May 23, 1998)
- Episode 3x21: Sacrifice (1) (May 16, 1998)
- Episode 3x20: Vanishing Act (May 9, 1998)
- Episode 3x19: Tsunami (May 2, 1998)
- Episode 3x18: Fins, Femmes and Gems (Apr 25, 1998)
- Episode 3x17: Forget Me Not (Mar 21, 1998)
- Episode 3x16: When in Rome... (Mar 14, 1998)
- Episode 3x15: King Con (Mar 7, 1998)
- Episode 3x14: Forgiven (Feb 28, 1998)
- Episode 3x13: One Against an Army (Feb 21, 1998)
- Episode 3x12: The Bitter Suite (Feb 14, 1998)
- Episode 3x11: Maternal Instincts (Feb 7, 1998)
- Episode 3x10: The Quill Is Mightier (Jan 19, 1998)
- Episode 3x09: Warrior... Priestess... Tramp (Jan 12, 1998)
- Episode 3x08: The King of Assassins (Nov 17, 1997)
- Episode 3x07: The Debt II (Nov 10, 1997)
- Episode 3x06: The Debt (Nov 3, 1997)
- Episode 3x05: Gabrielle's Hope (Oct 27, 1997)
- Episode 3x04: The Deliverer (Oct 20, 1997)
- Episode 3x03: The Dirty Half Dozen (Oct 13, 1997)
- Episode 3x02: Been There, Done That (Oct 6, 1997)
- Episode 3x01: The Furies (Sep 29, 1997)
- Episode 2x22: A Comedy of Eros (May 12, 1997)
- Episode 2x21: The Lost Mariner (May 5, 1997)
- Episode 2x20: The Price (Apr 28, 1997)
- Episode 2x19: Ulysses (Apr 21, 1997)
- Episode 2x18: Blind Faith (Apr 14, 1997)
- Episode 2x17: The Execution (Apr 7, 1997)
- Episode 2x16: For Him the Bell Tolls (Feb 24, 1997)
- Episode 2x15: A Day in the Life (Feb 17, 1997)
- Episode 2x14: A Necessary Evil (Feb 10, 1997)
- Episode 2x13: The Quest (Feb 3, 1997)
- Episode 2x12: Destiny (Jan 27, 1997)
- Episode 2x11: Here She Comes... Miss Amphipolis (Jan 20, 1997)
- Episode 2x10: The Xena Scrolls (Jan 13, 1997)
- Episode 2x09: A Solstice Carol (Dec 9, 1996)
- Episode 2x08: Ten Little Warlords (Nov 25, 1996)
- Episode 2x07: Intimate Stranger (Nov 18, 1996)
- Episode 2x06: Warrior... Princess... Tramp (Nov 11, 1996)
- Episode 2x05: Return of Callisto (Nov 4, 1996)
- Episode 2x04: Girls Just Wanna Have Fun (Oct 28, 1996)
- Episode 2x03: The Giant Killer (Oct 14, 1996)
- Episode 2x02: Remember Nothing (Oct 7, 1996)
- Episode 2x01: Orphan of War (Sep 30, 1996)
- Episode 1x24: Is There a Doctor in the House? (Jul 29, 1996)
- Episode 1x23: Death Mask (Jun 3, 1996)
- Episode 1x22: Callisto (May 13, 1996)
- Episode 1x21: The Greater Good (May 6, 1996)
- Episode 1x20: Ties That Bind (Apr 29, 1996)
- Episode 1x19: Altared States (Apr 22, 1996)
- Episode 1x18: The Prodigal (Mar 4, 1996)
- Episode 1x17: The Royal Couple of Thieves (Feb 19, 1996)
- Episode 1x16: Mortal Beloved (Feb 12, 1996)
- Episode 1x15: Warrior... Princess (Feb 5, 1996)
- Episode 1x14: A Fistful of Dinars (Jan 29, 1996)
- Episode 1x13: Athens City Academy of the Performing Bards (Jan 22, 1996)
- Episode 1x12: Beware Greeks Bearing Gifts (Jan 15, 1996)
- Episode 1x11: The Black Wolf (Jan 8, 1996)
- Episode 1x10: Hooves and Harlots (Dec 4, 1995)
- Episode 1x09: Death in Chains (Nov 27, 1995)
- Episode 1x08: Prometheus (Nov 6, 1995)
- Episode 1x07: The Titans (Oct 30, 1995)
- Episode 1x06: The Reckoning (Oct 16, 1995)
- Episode 1x05: The Path Not Taken (Oct 9, 1995)
- Episode 1x04: Cradle of Hope (Oct 2, 1995)
- Episode 1x03: Dreamworker (Sep 18, 1995)
- Episode 1x02: Chariots of War (Sep 11, 1995)
- Episode 1x01: Sins of the Past (Sep 4, 1995)
Guest starring as Princess Diana
(2 episodes)
- Episode 2x06: Warrior... Princess... Tramp (Nov 11, 1996) [Co-Star]
- Episode 1x15: Warrior... Princess (Feb 5, 1996)
Guest starring as Meg
(5 episodes)
- Episode 6x20: Soul Possession (Jun 9, 2001) [Co-Star]
- Episode 5x20: Livia (May 8, 2000) [Co-Star]
- Episode 4x10: The Key to the Kingdom (Jan 16, 1999) [Co-Star]
- Episode 3x09: Warrior... Priestess... Tramp (Jan 12, 1998) [Co-Star]
- Episode 2x06: Warrior... Princess... Tramp (Nov 11, 1996) [Co-Star]
Guest starring as Melinda Pappas
- Episode 2x10: The Xena Scrolls (Jan 13, 1997) [Co-Star]
Guest starring as Leah
- Episode 3x09: Warrior... Priestess... Tramp (Jan 12, 1998) [Co-Star]
Guest starring as Annie Day
(2 episodes)
- Episode 6x20: Soul Possession (Jun 9, 2001) [Co-Star]
- Episode 4x22: Deja Vu All Over Again (May 22, 1999) [Co-Star]
Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995)
Guest starring as Lysia
- Episode S01 Special: Hercules and the Amazon Women (May 5, 1994)
Guest starring as Lyla
(2 episodes)
- Episode 2x05: Outcast (Oct 13, 1995)
- Episode 1x06: As Darkness Falls (Mar 5, 1995)
Guest starring as Xena
(6 episodes)
- Episode 4x14: Armageddon Now (2) (Feb 28, 1998)
- Episode 4x05: Stranger in a Strange World (Nov 8, 1997)
- Episode 3x15: Judgment Day (Mar 2, 1997)
- Episode 1x13: Unchained Heart (May 21, 1995)
- Episode 1x12: The Gauntlet (May 14, 1995)
- Episode 1x09: The Warrior Princess (Mar 26, 1995)
The X-Files (1993)
Guest starring as Shannon C. McMahon
(2 episodes)
- Episode 9x02: Nothing Important Happened Today (2) (Nov 18, 2001)
- Episode 9x01: Nothing Important Happened Today (1) (Nov 11, 2001)
The Late Show with David Letterman (1993)
Guest starring as Lucy Lawless
- Episode 1996-04-09: Tony Danza, Lucy Lawless, R. Kelly (Apr 9, 1996)
The Ray Bradbury Theater (1985)
Guest starring as Liddy Barton
- Episode 6x13: Fee Fie Foe Fum (Aug 21, 1992)
Saturday Night Live (1975)
Guest starring as Lucy Lawless
- Episode 24x03: Lucy Lawless / Elliott Smith (Oct 17, 1998)